Family-based visas:
These visas are for immediate family members (spouses, children under 21, and parents) of U.S. citizens or green card holders. Immediate relatives have priority and there's no limit to the number of visas issued each year.
Dependent visas:
These are typically associated with employment-based visas, where individuals may bring their spouse and unmarried children under 21 to live with them in the U.S. as dependents. Common employment-based visas include H1B, L1, and E visas, among others.
Fiancé(e) visa (K-1):
This visa allows the foreign fiancé(e) of a U.S. citizen to travel to the United States for the purpose of getting married. After marriage, the foreign spouse can apply for adjustment of status to become a lawful permanent resident.
Visitors visas (B-1/B-2):
While not strictly dependent visas, visitors visas can allow family members to visit and stay in the U.S. temporarily. However, they cannot work or study while on this visa.